Description
The Lords of Valkenburg originated from Voeren and Heinsberg in the greater Aachen area and were closely related to the Dukes of Limburg, the Counts of Monschau, the Lords of Heinsberg, and the Counts of Leiningen-Dagsburg. The first Lord of Valkenburg was Thibald of Voeren or de Fouron, who held the title from 1075 until his death in 1106. He initially resided in what is now Oud-Valkenburg, which was first mentioned under the name Falchenberch in a donation deed by German Emperor Henry III on February 15, 1041. Thibald of Voeren built the hill castle in Valkenburg, which was to become the center of the Valkenburg lordship.
Through marriage, the Lords of Heinsberg inherited this lordship. The castle was first destroyed in 1122 because Goswin I of Heinsberg and Valkenburg rebelled against Emperor Henry V. Under his son, Goswin II, the castle was again destroyed by order of the emperor. Goswin III had a very good relationship with Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and frequently stayed at his court. In 1352, Jan I, the last Lord of Valkenburg, died, leaving only female direct descendants. This led to the Valkenburg Succession Dispute (1352–1364), primarily involving the creditor Reinhard of Schönforst, who sold Valkenburg and Euskirchen to the Duchy of Jülich in 1355. In 1357, Duke William of Jülich elevated the lordship of Valkenburg to a county. In 1364, he sold the land of Valkenburg to Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg, Duke of Brabant, making it one of the Lands of Overmaas.
One of the aforementioned female direct descendants and claimants was Elisa of Valkenburg, a nun at Reichenstein Abbey, where her brother Jan I is also buried. She was so affected by the events that she left the abbey and returned to Valkenburg, convinced she was the rightful Lady of Valkenburg. She is remembered in folklore as the “Headless Maiden,” who roams the castle at night in her Premonstratensian habit, mourning the lost inheritance. The descendants of Reinhard of Schönforst managed to hold on to the lordship of Monschau until their extinction in 1433, and Simon III of Sponheim-Vianden, who was able to acquire Sankt Vith and Bütgenbach.




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